怎样才能有效识别雅思阅读中的同义替换

解决词汇阅读过程中的识别问题，首先应该加强对高频和常用词的掌握。越是常用的词，词义越多，词性也越多。下面就来说说怎样才能有效识别雅思阅读中的同义替换，大家千万别错过。

怎样才能有效识别雅思阅读中的同义替换

解决词汇阅读过程中的识别问题，首先应该加强对高频和常用词的掌握。事实上，越是常用的词，词义越多，词性也越多。如果仅仅满足于看到后能反应出一个意思，显然不能够称得上对该单词的有效把握。

对高频、常用单词的有效把握，是提高paraphrase能力的基础。

这意味着，对于相对较生僻的单词，只需要了解一两个词义也许就已经够了。因为这些词本身的搭配和用法都是有限的。而对于高频词则需要多词义、多词性同时把握。

解决了词汇认知的信息储备问题，仅仅做了一半的工作。有效的识别paraphrase，同时需要对paraphrase的编写做到心里有数。

熟悉paraphrase的常见类型，是提高其识别能力的有力武器。

那么同义替换的常见类型有哪些呢?一般说来，我们可以从如下几个方面来进行转述表达：

1. 同义词、反义词的替换

2. 词序的替换

3. 句子结构的替换

雅思阅读同义转换的方式

1.题干中的形容词，名词和动词往往是原文词汇的同义词或近义词。如：

原文：Between 1940 and 1959, overfishing led to crashes in salmon population so severe that in 1953 Alaska was declared a federal disaster area.

题干：Between 1940 and 1959, there was a sharp decrease in Alaska's salmon population. 原文中的crashes与题干中的sharp decrease属于近义词之间的替换。

2.数字替换：题目中阿拉伯数字而文中以英文出现，或题干中只有大概的数字，而文中有具体数字。如：

题干：The survey concluded that one-fifth or 20% of the household transport requirement as outside local area.

原文：Interest facts regarding transport were found: 95% was on foot; 80% was within the locality.

3.前后顺序调换：题干中答案出现在标志词的右方，原文中对应答案却出现在标志词的左方。如：

题干：Radar and sonar are based on similar ______

原文：But the underlying mathematical theories of radar and sonar are very similar.

4.句子间的替换：原文的主动形式在题干中改写成被动形式或被动变主动，或者原文句子是前果后因，题干变成前因后果。如：

题干：Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because ____ are not used in their navigation system.

原文：It is technically incorrect to talk about bat 'radar', since they don't use radio waves.

5.否定形式的替换：原文中的否定形式替换成其他形式从而变得不易定位。

题干：In the follow-up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.

原文：Such methods are not unusual in language teaching.

6.具体与抽象概念间的替换：将原文中的具体表达形式进行总结，以概念表达形式在题干中出现(反之同理)。如：

题干：In the following-up class, the teaching activities _______ those used in conventional classes.

原文：Some hours after the two-part session, there is a follow-up class at which the students are simulated to recall the material presented. Once again the approach is indirect. The students do not focus their attention on trying to remember the vocabulary, but focus on using the language to communicate (e.g. through games or improvised dramatizations). Such methods are not unusual in language teaching.

7.人称代词和指示代词间的替换：将答案藏到标志词集中出现的句子之前或之后，同时使用人称代词留下提示。如：

题干：Dr. Johnson believed that ____ is the major cause of this particular disease.

原文：Dr. Johnson is one of the leading scientists in this area. He believed that the disease could be cured. Certain experiments had been carried out through the last century however no evident result had been found. Still, he linked mainly food with this particular disease.

同义替换要求答题者具备一定的词汇量，并通过日常大量的练习提高自己对同义替换的敏感度，避免在考试过程中被“迷象”迷了双眼，定位不到答案。总之，同义替换无外乎是对同一事物采用了不同的包装形式，答题者只要透过现象抓住本质便可游刃有余。

雅思阅读同义词转换总结

1. successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.

2. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.

3. commute=travel 通勤 v.

4. higher=increasing=more 更高的 adj.

5. income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.

6. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的 adj.

7. together=face to face 共同

8. refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.

9. accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.

10. usage=use=benefit=profit 用处n.

11. averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的

12. limited=minimal 有限的adj.

13. move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移

14. show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明

15. related=associated 有关联的 adj.

16. suffer=be afflicted 忍受(病痛)v.

17. research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.

18. affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.

19. disease=medical complain=illness 病痛 n.

20. increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.