2021-03-04 18:02:23|已浏览:151次
考生在备考雅思作文的时候,总是喜欢使用各式各样的词汇和句式。过分注重词汇,而文章中又出现大量的语法错误的话,就会很难得高分。下面就来说说怎样避免雅思写作易错语法,大家千万别错过。
怎样避免雅思写作易错语法
1、Government claims that teacher should teach student some self-protection skills.
错误分析:可数名词不可“裸用”。
在正式英文写作里,凡是常规的可数名词,必须在前面有限定词,比如冠词 a/an/the,物主代词 my/their/your 等等,指示代词this/that 等等。否则,这个可数名词就必须用复数。
在这个句子中,government要么用the government,要么用government,后面的teacher和student都一样要加上复数。
正确:The government claims that teachers should teach students some self-protection skills.
2、Work at home using modern technology can greatly enhance our efficiency.
错误分析:动词原形不能作主语。
而且在这个句子中如果work做了动词,后面can enhance也是动词,就出现双谓语的情况,因此把work改成working.
正确:Working at home using modern technology can greatly enhance our efficiency.
3、Intelligent students should not be treated different by their teachers.
错误分析:词性使用错误。
different的词性为形容词,而修饰形容词或者动词的时候应该用副词。
正确:Intelligent students should not be treated differently by their teachers.
4、A lot of houses were collapsed in the earthquake.
错误分析:句中出现双谓语
句中 collapse已经为动词,再加be动词之后就变成了被动结构,此处be纯属多余。
正确:A lot of houses collapsed in the earthquake.
5、Letters were the most important way of communication in the past , e-mail becomes its biggest rival now.
错误分析:这个句子的句型并不属于简单句、并列句或者复合句中的任何一种的定义。
因为出现了两套动词,因此我们可以将这个句子变成并列句,而前后两句之间是对比关系,所以我们可以在中间加对比连词或副词,比如while。
正确:Letters were the most important way of communication in the past while now e-mail becomes its biggest rival now.
雅思写作常犯错误的分析
1. 概念的错误
在写作中,有类词语表面上看似乎是对的,但实际上却没有表达出你想要表达的意思,有时恰恰适得其反。用这类词语写成的英语句子常常引起误解。
① (误)When we go into society after graduation, we will encounter many difficulties.
(正)When we start to work after graduation, we will encounter many difficulties.
“go into society”没有汉语“进入社会”的含义。在西方,它是指一个人到一定的年龄可以开始社会交往,如结交异性朋友,进入某些社交或公共场所等。而汉语“进入社会”一般指学生中学或大学毕业后参加工作。
② (误)Left alone in the jungle at night ,she felt very dangerous.
(正)Left alone in the jungle at night, she felt t hat she was in great danger.
“dangerous”与作者要表达的意思完全相反。说某人dangerous,实际上是说他在某一方面对某人构成危胁,而不是处于危险的境地。这个词用错,意思就完全变了。原意是“她”感到处于危险中。
2、搭配不当
用词搭配是我国学生学英语最感棘手的地方,在雅思写作中,这种错误也是经常出现的,所以希望大家引起重视,因为中文里的某些词语在不同的语境里,英语有不同的说法,而这些说法是约定俗成的,完全是习惯用法所致,我们稍有不慎,便会犯错。现举一些考生在考试中常犯的错误:
① (误)At college, we should learn as much knowledge as possible so t hat we can be well prepared for our future career.
(正)At college, we should acquire as much knowledge as possible so t hat we can be well prepared for our future career.
“学习知识”是学生写作时经常用到的词组,但不少学生都写成learn knowledge,实际上knowledge是不能与learn搭配的,只能与acquire,obtain,absorb,accumulate ,develop,advance,gain,broaden ,enlarge,impart,derive ,deepen, brush up, digest 等词搭配使用。
② (误)In July, they will take part in the final term examinations.
(正)In July, they will take t he final term examinations.
“examination”或“test”不能与“take part in”搭配使用,但可以和attend, have, sit for
,conduct, enter for, get through, pass, fail等词语用在一起。
3、用词累赘
由于对某些词和词组的意思缺乏真正的理解或把要表达的意思先用中文想好,然后逐字翻译成英语,造成累赘。例如:
① (误)In my opinion, I think t he production and sale of fake commodities should be
banned.
(正)I think t he production and sale of fake commodities should be banned.
in my opinion与I think意思完全相同,可以删去其中的一个。
② (误)Scientists are trying to find a solution to solve t he problem of energy shortage .
(正)Scientist s are trying to find a solution to t he problem of energy shortage.
一个词与它的派生词一起出现,造成意思重复,给人以累赘的感觉,改正后的句子变得简洁多了。
③ (误)Waste gas is t he main cause which leads to air pollution .
(正)Waste gas is t he main cause of air pollution.
cause和lead to都表原因,同时使用造成意思重复。
4、逗号连接错误
中国学生在英语写作中常常单独使用逗号而不用句号、分号、冒号或连结词来连接两个或几个独立的分句。例如:
① (误)The weather was fine, we decided to climb t he mountain.
(正)As the weather was fine, we decided to climb t he mountain.
② (误)The [wv]prospects[/vw] are bright, the road has twists and turns.
(正)While t he prospects are bright, the road has twists and turns.
上面两个标有误的句子在语法上没有错误,它错就错在逗号的使用不当。错误的根源是学生受汉语写作习惯的影响,把汉语逗号的作用等同于英语逗号的作用。在汉语中,逗号可以单独使用在并列分句之间。
(1)变成两个简单句:
The wind was blow ing very hard. They couldn’t go boating on t he lake.
(2)变成并列句,用逗号加并列连接:
The wind was blowing very hard they couldn’t go boating on t he lake.
(3)变成并列句,用分号连接:
The wind was blowing very hard; couldn’t go boating on t he lake.
(4)变成并列句,用分号加连接性副连接:
The wind was blowing very hard ,therefore, they couldn’t go boating on lake.
(5)变成并列句,有时也可以用冒接,这时第二个分句解释说明第一个分句
They couldn’t go boating on the lake; the wind was blowing very hard.
(6)变成复合句:
As the wind was blowing very hard they couldn’t go boating on t he lake.
(7)用独立主格结构改写句子:
The wind blowing very hard, they couldn’t go boating on t he lake.
雅思写作高分技巧
统一性
一篇优秀的作文不仅仅在于词汇与句式的表达上,更注重的是这篇文章是否满足了统一性的要求,也就是说文章是否紧扣主题,段落安排是否合理,句子论述是否恰到好处等等。统一性是指所写的作文应该紧扣主题,也就是作者的核心观点,并要注意人称、文体和时态上的一致。此外,文章内容要均衡,不偏多或缺少。
统一性除了从文章整体上来体现之外,还要求每个段落的句子同样要满足统一性。一个段落通常由主题句和扩展句所构成,所以句子统一性则体现在主题句和扩展句上面。主题句是一个段落必不可少的成分,是一个段落的核心所在,也就是作者想要表达的中心观点,在一个段落中主题句应该只说明一个问题,或是一个问题的某个方面。每段只应有一个中心,任何偏离中心之外的句子都是无用的。而扩展句则必须紧密围绕着这个中心,给予充分说明,通过分析和议论,从而形成一个有机的整体。总之,文章的统一性是判断雅思作文质量的重要标准之一,考生要多多重视。
完整性
文章仅仅有统一性还远远不够,完整性也是不可或缺的因素。文章段落的主题思想除了由主题句提出之外,还要依靠扩展句来实现,这就要求扩展句进一步补充和说明,比如举出具体事例加以证明,以便把主题解释清楚等,从而构成一个完整的段落。不过,即使扩展句表达充分,主题句却缺失或是没有恰当地表达出来,也会给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。所以,只有保证文章的完整性才会让文章更加饱满贴切地表达出作者的所思所想,让读者理解的更加透彻。
连贯性
文章的连贯性与统一性紧密相关,是组词造句的基本要求。句子的统一性和连贯性是相辅相成的,统一性要求紧扣主题,而连贯性则要求整篇文章前后连贯,也要求句子和段落之间相互关联并衔接自然。此外,句子与句子之间也要有一种自然逻辑关系,进而形成有机的整体。但是很多考生在写作时往往想到哪写到哪,句子安排的乱七八糟,缺乏连续性,结果只能给读者留下一种不成文或是找不到逻辑的感觉。为了达到连贯性的要求,考生可以适当地运用一些连接词,比如therefore、however等等,让文章内容连接的更加自然顺畅。