雅思听力中关键词后置的应对技巧

在雅思听力考试中，大多数考生都认为关键词后置是听力中除开同意转换和干扰项以外的另一大难点。下面就来说说雅思听力中关键词后置的应对技巧，大家千万别错过。

雅思听力中关键词后置的应对技巧

一、句式间的转变

句式间的转变，顾名思义，指的是题目中看到的句式与音频中听到的句式发生了转变，句子结构的改变导致关键词在句子中的位置发生了变动，主要包括陈述句与疑问句的转变、被动句与主动句的转变。

题目：The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by local craftsmen who lived in the area. (C4T1S2 Q12)

原文：At that time, local craftsmen first built an iron forge just behind the village here, on the bend in the river.

解析：通过对比题目与原文我们不难发现，出题者通过被动句与主动句的转变，巧妙地将原本出现在空格前面的关键词metal industry的同义词iron forge及established的同义词built放置在了答案local craftsmen的后面，再加上不熟悉的同义转化，大大地提升了难度。

题目：Undiscovered materials may be damaged by fires. (C7T1S4 Q38)

原文：And certainly don't make fires, however romantic it may seem. It's really dangerous in dry areas. And you can easily burn undiscovered priceless materials by doing so.

解析：同上述例子类似，题目中的被动句在音频中被换成了主动句，导致关键词后置。

应对策略：加强对题目中的被动句的熟悉度，分析空格所填的词性及大致内容，听题时加强对主动句的敏感度和理解力。

题目：The presentation will not be assessed. (C7T4S3 Q22)

原文：-Is this one going to be assessed?

-No, not this time round.

解析：通过对比题目与原文我们不难发现，出题者通过陈述句与疑问句的转变，同样巧妙地将关键词not放置在答案的后面。

应对策略：这类题一般出现在对话场景较多，注意把握对话中提问者与回答者的说话节奏，同时注意语气的变化、转折词、强调词及否定词。

二、代词所指代的含义

代词所指代的含义导致关键词后置指的是当听到关键词时，关键词所在的名词主语被换成了代词，导致无法回忆前面所讲的内容。主要包括人称代词、指示代词、关系代词。其中，常见的人称代词有you, we, us, they, he, him, she, her, them等。常见的指示代词有this, that, these, those等。常见的关系代词有which, that, whose, where, when等。

题目：A problem with Asian Honey Bees is that they _________ (C8T2S3 Q22)

A. attack native bees.

B. carry parasites.

C. damage crops.

原文：-What's wrong with Asian Honey Bees? Are they so different from Australian bees?

-Well, in fact, they look almost the same, but they are infested with mites- microscopic creatures which live on them, and which can seriously damage our own home-grown bees or could even wipe them out.

解析：当听到题目中的关键词problem的同义词wrong后，如果没有听懂but they are infested with mites, 则会把重点放在下一句话which can seriously damage our own home-grown bees, 由于没有听到或不理解关系代词which所指代的含义，从而掉入陷阱选项A中。

应对策略：加强对音频中的人称代词的敏感度，理解人称代词所指代的含义。

题目：Ask your tutor to arrange a password with the technical support team. (C6T1S3 Q25)

原文：Your tutor will need to arrange with the technical support team for you to get a password, so ask him or her about it when you start the course.

解析：当听到空格后面的关键词password, technical support team后，考生会努力回忆之前所讲的内容，可能无法回忆，然后又听到了另一关键词ask, 可惜ask后面没有说your tutor, 而是用了人称代词的宾格him or her, 从而导致更加无法回忆之前所讲的内容。

应对策略：多做长句子的复述练习，培养瞬间记忆力和理解力。

三、介词短语在句子中的位置的变动

题目：Wise men may have been trying to control wild animals with magic. (C7T1S4 Q35)

原文：They believed they could use magic to control the animals they had drawn.

解析：在题目中充当状语成分的介词短语with___被音频中充当宾语从句的they could use___所替换，导致关键词animals后置。

应对策略：注意介词短语在句子中的位置及所充当的成分，加强对介词短语在音频中对应的同义结构及位置的熟悉。

四、定语后置

题目：Excellent _______. (C5T3S3 Q30)

原文：I thought student support was excellent.

解析：题目中位于空格前面的定语excellent, 在音频中却出现在空格的后面，可能会导致无法回忆答案的情况。

应对策略：提升对题目的预判能力，加强对定语或其同义词的敏感度。

雅思听力中的关键词后置分析

1. 前置定语结构

前置定语在考题中出现的形式为“n. ______” 和 “adj. _______”, 即在填空前出现名词或形容词的关键词。

在录音中则经常通过修辞结构和句子结构的改变，将关键词后置。

例1：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 21

--Read IT ___________.

录音：look through catalogues specialised in IT.

解析：通过修辞结构的改变，把名词前置定语变成分词后置定语，完成关键词后置。

例2：Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 3 Question 30

--Excellent ___________.

录音：F: OK, any other comments?

M: I thought student support was excellent.

解析：通过句子结构的改变，完成关键词后置。

例3：Cambridge 6 Test 1 Section 3 Question 24

--Reduced ___________ for students.

录音：students pay an annual fee that’s much less than the general public pay.

解析：通过修辞结构的改变，把形容词前置定语变成从句后置定语，完成关键词后置，同时伴随reduced的同意转换。

2. 后置定语结构

后置定语在考题中出现的形式为“n. prep. ______” 和 “n. p. _______”, 即在填空前出现关键词如“名词-介词(如of, for, about, in, on, etc.)”或“名词-分词”。

在录音中则经常通过修辞结构和句子结构的改变，将名词关键词后置。

例1：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 2 Question 15

--Will explain about arrangement for ______________ and fire exits.

录音：He will also go through the security arrangement with you and show you the fire exits.

解析：通过修辞结构的改变，把介词短语后置定语变成名词前置定语，完成关键词后置。

例2：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 22

--Spoken to Jane Prince

Head of the _____________.

录音：F: Jane Prince, do you know her? She’s in the Computer Centre.

M: Yes, of course, she is the new head.

解析：通过句子结构的改变，完成关键词后置。

例3： Cambridge 6 Test 1 Section 4 Question 32

--New technology allowed the production of goods made of ________ and ________

录音：The technology they introduced meant that metal and leather goods were produced there for the first time.

解析：通过修辞结构的改变，把分词后置定语变成名词前置定语，完成关键词后置。

小结：1和2类关键词后置通常出现于Section2-4的大表格填空中。

考生须要在读题时事先判断易出现关键词后置的题目，并且对答案进行预测;而后在听题时利用预测捕捉答案，后置的关键词起确认答案的作用。

因此在平时的学习中要熟悉听力题目中常见的容易出现关键词后置的结构，培养视觉敏感度;并且熟练掌握语法上定语结构的转换。

3. 主谓宾结构

主谓宾在考题中出现的形式为“subj. pred. __________”, 即在填空前出现名词(主语)和动词(谓语)的关键词。

在录音中则经常通过主语和宾语位置的调换，以及谓语主动被动之间的转换，或者其它句式变化，将名词关键词后置。

例1：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 11 & 12

--Local services depart from _____________ railway station.

--National services depart from _____________ railway station.

录音：F: We’ve got two main train stations in the town. The King Street is for local commute lines and regional services.

M: What about trains to London? I’ll need to go there on business for one day.

F: Then you need to go to central station, that’s for all the national services.

解析：Q11通过主语宾语的位置调换，Q12通过句型转换，完成关键词后置。

例2：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 14

--The price of a first class ticket includes ____________.

录音：There’s a buffet car, though refreshments are included in the cost of a first class ticket.

解析：通过主语宾语的位置调换，完成关键词后置，伴随price-cost的同意转换。

例3：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 4 Question 38

--The first motion picture was called The__________________.

录音：So now, there was a real possibility of having films of more than two or three minutes, and this lead to the making of The Great Train Robbery, the very first movie made.

解析：通过句型转换，完成关键词后置，伴随motion picture-movie的同意转换。

4. 从句结构

从句在考题中出现的形式为“……. conj. ________”, 即在填空前出现从句连接词(如when, where, because, as, if, etc.)。

在录音中则通过调换连接词前后分句的次序，将填空前的关键词后置。

例1：Cambridge 5 Test 1 Section 4 Question 36 & 37

--Research indicates that many women only think about their financial future when a ________ occurs.

--It is best for women to start thinking about pensions when they are in their _______.

录音：The research indicates that at present for women it takes a crisis to make them think about their future financial situation. But of course this is the very worst time for anyone to make any important decisions. Women today need to look ahead, think ahead, not wait until they’re under pressure. Even women in their early twenties, need to think about pensions for example.

解析：通过调换从句中两个分句的位置，完成关键词后置。

例2：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 4 Question 40

--In ancient India a man would fight a lion as a test of _____________.

录音：In ancient India, one of the greatest tests of leadership for a man was to fight a lion.

解析：通过调换从句中两个分句的位置，完成关键词后置。

3和4类关键词后置通常出现于Section2-4的句子填空中。

考生须要在读题时事先判断易出现关键词后置的题目，并且对答案进行预测;而后在听题时利用预测捕捉答案，后置的关键词起确认答案的作用。

雅思听力如何抓关键词

递进和并列

同学们在训练雅思听力时，听到这类词表递进和并列的词时，他们前后的词汇都不要忽略，但要把重点放在后面的词汇上，因为这类词本身就表示同一事物意思的递进和增补。表示递进和并列的词汇包括and/besides/moreover/in addition等等。

例如，你会看到题目：To open an account, you should take___ and a letter of enrolment.

你会听到录音：In addition to this, most banks ask you to bring your passport and your letter or certificate of enrolment.

比较和对比

同学们在备考雅思听力时，要注意表示比较和对比的词汇，基本词汇是as...as..., than, in contrast/by contrast.提醒大家的是，有一些词本身就是表示比较的含义的，单纯看词形是不知道比较关系的，这类词要重点掌握，往往是考点，他们包括 overrun，outstrip，exceed，outdo，outweigh，surpass，rather than等,甚至beat都是用来表对比的。

例如，

1). 你会看到题目：More cans are produced than nails or _____.

你会听到录音：It outstrips the production of nails or paper clips.

2). 你会看到题目：一个物体填空题，填各部分名称，并给一个简单介绍。题目：____at base.

你会听到录音：It's thicker at bottom.

3). 你会看到题目：School B wins school A in_____.

你会听到录音：School A outdoes school B in swimming while school B has its strength,it beats school A in basketball.

转折和否定

雅思听力备考时要重点听这类词后面的话，因为这些词暗示考生说话者下面要讲的是全新的信息，与刚才提到的内容是不同的，所以才否定，才转折，这类词后面的信息是考察重点，这类词包括However，but，yet，on second thoughts，on the other hand以及No, not really。尤其不要忽略表达否定意义的单词如，rarely, seldom, never, little, few, scarcely, hardly等。

例如，你会看到题目：She ordered ____for lunch.你会听到录音：No，on second thoughts, I'll have a cheese and tomato sandwich.